2023-11-10
會計英語 | 資產負債表、複式記帳法英文是甚麼?10個不能不懂會計常用英文詞彙
你對會計有興趣嗎? 有曾經想過將來要成為一名會計師嗎? 不管你現在是否從事會計這方面的工作、未來會否加入這行業,在商業職場工作時,都很可能會談論到有關會計這方面的話題,或多或少都會接觸到這專業範疇的事情。姑勿論你有否備有會計方面的專業知識,懂得一些常用的會計英文術語看來都是必需的。學習這一類術語不但有助提升你的商務英語能力,而且能讓你在職場縱橫無阻!本周,筆者準備了10個常用會計詞彙供你參考參考。來,趕緊把這些術語統統學會吧!
(Credit: https://stock.adobe.com/ )
1. Assets 資產
(Credit: https://stock.adobe.com/ )
(説明:Assets=個人或公司所擁有的一切,包括現金、應收帳款、財產和貨物等。)
Example:
Let's sum up our assets and liabilities.
讓我們算一下我們的資產和負債。
2. Liabilities 負債
(説明:Liabilities =公司所欠的款項。債務有不同的形式,例如業務開支、貸款、預收收入和法律義務等。)
Example:
Liabilities are recorded to ensure that the financial statements are accurate.
為確保財務報表的準確性,負債已記錄下來了。
3. Balance Sheet 資產負債表
(説明:資產負債表 [Balance Sheet, 又稱為 statement of financial position] 描述在某個時間點,企業的資產、負債及股東權益的關係。Balance Sheet對於潛在投資者很重要,因為這可以加深他們對該企業的了解。)
*資產 (assets) = 負債 (liabilities) + 股東權益 (ownership equity)
Example:
The balance sheet starts with the total cost of its fixed assets (固定資產)and any trade investments followed by a breakdown of net current assets(凈流動資產).
資產負債表一開頭是公司的固定資產總額和公司的投資總額,接著是凈流動資產分類。
4. Credit 貸方
(說明:Credit 顯示公司收到多少款項,一般記錄在帳戶的右側。)
(Credit: https://stock.adobe.com/ )
Example:
We have to check each entry all over again because the total debits did not equal the total credits.
因為借方總額和貸方總額不相等,因此,我們必須重新檢查每一項目。
5. Debit 借方
(說明:Debit顯示公司所花費的項目,一般記錄在帳戶的左側。)
Example:
We have to record the purchase of the new equipment as a debit entry.
我們要把購入新儀器這件事記錄在借記項目。
6. Double Entry 複式分錄;複式記帳法
(說明:在會計學中,Double Entry 是商業及其他組織上記錄金融交易的標準系統。在這會計系統中,每筆交易都記錄為借方和貸方,且該筆交易的借貸雙方總額相等,即「有借必有貸,借貸必相等」。 )
Example 1:
The basic principle of double entry bookkeeping is that every transaction has a twofold effect.
複式記帳法的基本原理是每筆交易都有借貸雙方。
Example 2:
In double entry accounting, there are equal debit and credit entries for every transaction.
在複式記帳法中,每筆交易的借方和貸方記入的數字相等。
7. Net 淨額
(說明:稅後的剩餘金額。)
Example:
The former chief financial officer's net salary (淨薪水)for the last six months, after taxes and including his stock incentives, turned out to be around $560,000.
這位前首席財務官過去六個月的淨薪水(稅後,包括其股權激勵)約為560,000元。
8. Gross 總額
(說明:稅前的總額。)
Example:
Your gross income (總收入)is the amount of money you earn before anything is taken out for taxes or other deductions.
您的總收入是指你在扣除任何稅款或其他扣除額之前賺取的金額。
9. Capital 資本、資金
(說明:一般來説,現金和存款以及有助於公司賺取更多利潤的機器和有形資產,例如產品、設備、裝置、廠房,都是屬於capital。無形資產如知識產權、特許權、品牌、人力資源、客戶資料等,則不被視為capital。)
Example:
Undercapitalized companies do not have enough capital to pay creditors and often need to borrow more money.
資本不足的公司沒有足夠的資本來支付債權人,因此經常需要藉入更多的錢。
10. Payroll 薪資清單、薪資總額
(Credit: https://stock.adobe.com/ )
(說明:公司所有員工及其薪資的清單。Payroll一詞也指公司向員工支付薪水的總金額。)
Example:
You should put the employee's leaving date on their payroll record and make deductions as normal.
你應將員工的離職日期放在他們的工資記錄中,並按常規進行。
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